Dhari's Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Dhari's - Research Paper Example In any case, late endeavors in monetary improvement like the high populace and work development and the increments in development, human services, oil and social help are lighting up the standpoint (Garcia and Paul, 2006). New Mexico has a little assembling base which in 2003 was 4.7% of the non-farming populace contrasted with the national normal of 11.2%. There has been a decrease in the quantity of ranches over the most recent couple of decades and a coordinating increment of the size of homesteads with the vast majority of the state’s farming endeavors concentrating on domesticated animals rather than produce. Previously, mining was viewed as a principle area; in any case, it decreasingly assumes a critical job in the state’s economy of just 1.8% in 2002 contrasted with 2.8% in 1988 and 5.5% in 1978. As a result of the little work open doors in assembling and mechanical segments, the state verifiably has had a high pace of joblessness, even in non-recessionary occas ions, the state experienced joblessness rates higher than the country’s normal. For example in 1987 joblessness was 8.9% contrasted with the national pace of 6.2%; additionally, in 2003, the state’s jobless rate was 6.4% contrasted with 6% of the national normal (Garcia and Paul, 20069). ... These differentiating midpoints point the incongruities in instruction in the state’s different populace gatherings; For example, poor people, Hispanics and Indians normal less instructive achievement than different gatherings in the state (Garcia and Paul, 2006). Along these lines, of the evaluated 1,819,046 complete populace of New Mexico, 120,000 are legitimately reported migrants and 40,000 are undocumented; in this way, the undocumented populace is under 7% of the all out state’s populace (Aparicio, Philip and Kalyani, 2004). At present, more than 75% of settlers admitted to New Mexico are from Mexico; despite the fact that, migrants additionally originate from different countries like the Asian countries. Despite the fact that Hispanics make the biggest part of outsider populace in the state, over 90% are local conceived, which is higher than the country’s normal of over64%. A large number of the workers traverse the Mexico-New Mexico fringe without license as a result of monetary hardships and inevitably wind up remaining in the state; in this manner, the explanations behind migrants staying are just financial. For example, a worker may choose to work for uncertain period so as to set aside some cash and afterward return to their nation. Albeit undocumented outsiders enter New Mexico for monetary chances, their pace of work is low; in this manner, greater part of the undocumented Hispanics and different migrants live underneath neediness, which add to the destitution status of the state. Joblessness is principle wellspring of contemporary neediness; also, provincial monetary rebuilding agrees with social decent variety in America bringing about spatial imbalances in geographic territories (Aparicio, Philip and Kalyani, 2004; Esparza and Angela, 2008). This is reflected by the enormous contrasts in pay and

Hobbes + Machiavelli Essay Example For Students

Hobbes + Machiavelli Essay Two of the best savants ever are Thomas Hobbes and Niccolo Machiavelli. Hobbes was conceived in 1588 in England, when absolutism was grabbing hold in Europe. His most celebrated work was Leviathan, written in 1651. Hobbes talked about the perfect state and intrinsic laws of man and nature, in addition to other things. Machiavelli was conceived in Italy in 1469, when his nation of origin was administered for the most part by remote forces. His old neighborhood, Florence, was as yet autonomous. Machiavellis most well known work, The Prince, recounts his optimal state and perfect ruler. Machiavelli proceeds to depict the ideal ruler, an image of mercilessness and clever. In spite of the fact that both virtuoso thinkers, their perspectives vary enormously. Hobbes had confidence in a moderate government where the state possibly meddled with the lives of the residents when it needed to. The perfect realm was the realm of God, in Hobbes mind. In Machiavellis The Prince, he depicts his optim al government with a solid ruler, and frightful subjects. In Hobbes framework, a cozy relationship was kept with God, while in Machiavellis reason was the main principle. The most significant and most managed region of exchange is the perfect government. Thomas Hobbes thought of an ideal government was one of little extents. The entirety of the residents of a nation had a contract, or guarantee with the ruler. This agreement with the ruler expressed that the resident would surrender the option to administer his or herself, and give that privilege to the ruler. Hobbes thought of society emerges from an inborn rivalry between each man. Everybody looks for their favorable position, and is consistently at war with every other person for that advantage. These groups arrange, as per Hobbes, conforming to whatever standards will guarantee endurance for its individuals. So as per Hobbes, war is the regular condition of man. Harmony is just had by our common inclinations to bargain, and endure. So as to completely comprehend the perfect arrangement of government portrayed by Hobbes, one must glance at what the legislature is attempting to achieve. Hobbes goes into a long clarification of why men are unique in relation to ants and honey bees. Hobbes asserts that men want respect and pride while lesser animals have no longing for progression. Also, Hobbes accepted that ants and honey bees had no wants past what was helpful for the gathering. This serious propensity is the thing that keeps man continually at war, as portrayed previously. Third, man is extraordinary in that he has utilization of reason, and can consider his to be as blemished. Accordingly, man can go into common war. Fourth, creatures can't communicate ideas like great and underhandedness. Fifth, people have even more an affinity to develop themselves. Ants and honey bees can't get discontent with their legislature, as they are content. At last, the agreement of ants and honey bees is inborn, while the human pledge is the result of human effort. Hobbes says that society emerges from the assent of the represented individuals, which is progressively moved in bigger and bigger units until it contains the state. The common contract made by the state and the ind ividuals can't be broken. In the event that the contract is broken by the ruler, it is foul play. The individuals at that point reserve an option to revolt. Since every administration demonstrated on Hobbes framework sets a model, their case may motivate others. For instance, the Parliamentary Revolution in 1642 would prompt the American Revolution, and in the long run to the French Revolution. Unexpectedly, the pledge is somewhat difficult to break on the states part, since its reasons can't be tested by the individuals. Be that as it may, if the state is controlling primitively, the individuals are allowed to revolt, and do. Hobbes understood that the residents would no longer regard the state in the event that it was done securing their inclinations. The social pledge reaches a conclusion when the state surpasses its cutoff points and starts to manhandle the privileges of the residents, for example, in the early Soviet Union. Niccolo Machiavellis perfect state stands out forceful ly from that of Hobbes. In spite of Hobbes moderate government, Machiavelli accepted a ruler should lead the individuals with incredible position, and make the subjects dread the ruler. This conviction that the ruler should act without sympathy denotes the uniqueness in Machiavellis contention. Likewise, Machiavelli was the first to see mankind's history and human culture as absolutely of man, without powerful impact. To start to portray Machiavellis perfect government, men are totally viewed as equivalent and headed to a similar habit. From this correspondence, Machiavelli reasoned that one can anticipate the future from the occasions of history. To relate this to government, Machiavellis ruler must go to his peers for a model. In The Prince, most by far is a portrayal of fifteenth century rulers. His model is exemplified by Cesare Borgia, an Italian duke. As indicated by Machiavelli, the state is the most noteworthy accomplishment of man. The state is a dynamic and expand producti on of keeps an eye on unrestrained choice, and is shaped by a participation of the individuals and the pioneer. All together for this state to work appropriately, it must be the most noteworthy power, with no unrivaled. The state must act naturally adequate, and cherished by the individuals. Maybe more even than cherished, the state was to be dreaded and regarded. The individuals must not consider or question any equity or bad form given by the state. Nothing is to meddle with the position and intensity of the state, or the opportunity will be undermined. A definitive quality and establishment of the state is its military force. Since all people are whimsical and narrow minded, they will before long overlook any favors done on them by the legislature. So as indicated by Machiavelli, the ruler must have enough military capacity to back up his position. To support this obvious negligence for human will, The Prince clarifies that normal rules don't apply in this situation. An end is an objective, something that must be reached. A mean is the methods of arriving at that objective. Consequently, any objective that is practiced is defended. For instance, if the end is to have an aware and obeying populace, the mean might be to involve the urban areas with military work force. Another feature of Machiavellis perfect government is ideals. To be temperate intends to have fearlessness, ability, quality, and knowledge. To be a ruler in Machiavellis perfect government, the legislator must have prudence. Another piece of excellence is making the most of chance. Machiavellis perfect ruler is the subject of The Prince. The perfect ruler is depicted in extraordinary detail, starting with the idea of realms. The Prince portrays four kinds of territories: genetic, blended, new, and religious. A realm is basically land controlled by a ruler. An inherited realm is one passed down from past ages, and is anything but difficult to keep up. For whatever length of time that the sovere ign follows a preservationist strategy, the territory ought to be kept. A second sort of territory is blended. A blended realm comprises of a genetic in addition to new regions included by the ruler. Increasingly mind boggling, Machiavelli offers a guide for the perfect ruler to oversee these. Since new domains are able to wage war against the ruler, Machiavelli recommends that the victor ought to involve the new region. At that point, the ruler should set up settlements inside these new domains faithful to him. Following that, the ruler ought to ensure the frail while persecuting the solid, all while not permitting any remote force into the new domain. A third sort of realm is another one. Most territories of the Renaissance fall into this class. New territories can be partitioned into four subgroups: those gained by abhorrent, those procured by the rulers own capacity, those obtained by anothers power, and metro realms. The primary subgroup is obtained through insidiousness, and i s disapproved of in The Prince. Despite the fact that these rulers show innovativeness, and now and again even virtuoso; they can't be viewed as prudent or great. The subsequent subgroup is vanquished with much trouble. Machiavelli utilizes Cyrus, Romulus and Theseus as instances of pioneers to overcome new land. The third sort are as effectively lost as they are won. In The Prince, Machiavelli portrays Cesare Borgias losing of his domain since his dads impact disappears. The fourth subgroup of new territories is city. A community realm is one gotten by the assistance of the nobles, or by well known help. This kind of realm ought to particularly be noted by the sovereign, as nobles frequently need to become ace themselves. Wrestling History EssayIn The Prince, the individuals were to be faithful subjects, bowing before the state. They should cherish the state more than their very spirits, and serve it to their withering days. In Machiavellis model, the individuals were there to do the desires of the state, and to do whatever it takes not to harm themselves simultaneously. Individuals are likewise imperative to make up the military, which is a definitive quality of the state. In Leviathan, the individuals are significantly more significant, and even sovereign inside themselves. The individuals are trusted with a free enterprise style of government, and bow to the ruler just for security. Hobbes and Machiavelli both had progressive thoughts regarding government and the substance of Man. Hobbes experienced childhood in England, and had thoughts concerning a more liberated sort of government. His principle work was Leviathan. Machiavelli was brought up in Italy, and had different thoughts. Machiavelli conc entrated on how a sovereign should act in administering his nation. Machiavellis primary work was entitled The Prince. Incidentally, neither Machiavelli nor Hobbes proposes an absolute majority rules system or a republic, similar to we use today. As much as Machiavelli and Hobbes are viewed as incredible scholars, the cutting edge legislature of the United States has end up being the best. Words/Pages : 2,404/24

MIT (Maker) Women Rock

MIT (Maker) Women Rock As many of you know I am a FIRST Robotics nut and Kool-Aid drinking member of the Kult of Kamen. One of the (many) things Dean Kamen has said that has always resonated with me is that we are what we celebrate. Celebrity is fundamentally heroic; even our most tragic celebrity narratives (#winning) still construct the archetypes we pattern ourselves after. This is an issue Ive written about before in other venues on the subject of gridiron football amidst a growing body of evidence that football causes traumatic brain injury, the NFL continues to sell photos of big hits and stupid sportswriters continue to laud players who play through injury. What we celebrate, and whom we praise as heroes, becomes what we want to become. Deans point was that we spend too much time celebrating athletes, musicians, and movie stars and not enough time celebrating technologists and engineers. I agree with him. And I agree especially in the case of women. Ive posted blog entries before about women at MIT, because we have great women here studying in fields especially STEM in which women have been historically underrepresented. Why have women been underrepresented? Well, there are many reasons, reasons too complex to discuss in a PhD dissertation, let alone a blog post. But one of them is best summed up by this SMBC cartoon: And another, related reason is that public role models for women have rarely been scientists and engineers. This isnt to say that there havent been terrific women in STEM just that, as with Rosalind Franklin, they often havent been as recognized as they should have been. They havent been celebrated. As one blogger pointed out, look at any magazine rack and you can see what popular culture celebrates in women: Wait, hang onwhats that on the cover of WIRED? From Makezine: Engineer, kit maker, entrepreneur, MAKE advisory board member, open source hardware pioneer Limor Ladyada Fried is on April’s WIRED cover. This is the first female engineer to appear WIRED’s cover (as well as the first female engineer to appear on such a high-profile tech publication that I can recall). Ladyada owns. Shes credited by many with being responsible for driving the arduino revolution. She also runs her own business, creates elaborate engineering tutorials and epic electronics projects. And oh yeah, she got her undergraduate and graduate degrees in electrical engineering and computer science from MIT, with a totally kickass thesis project on Social Defense Mechanisms: In contemporary Western society, electronic devices are becoming so prevalent that many people find themselves surrounded by technologies they find frustrating or annoying. The electronics industry has little incentive to address this complaint; I designed two counter-technologies to help people defend their personal space from unwanted electronic intrusion. Both devices were designed and prototyped with reference to the culture-jamming “Design Noir” philosophy. The first is a pair of glasses that darken whenever a television is in view. The second is low- power RF jammer capable of preventing cell phones or similarly intrusive wireless devices from operating within a user’s personal space. By building functional prototypes that reflect equal consideration of technical and social issues, I identify three attributes of Noir products: Personal empowerment, participation in a critical discourse, and subversion. Congrats, Ladyada, for being on the cover of WIRED. You own. And, more importantly, you give me cause to believe that perhaps we are celebrating the right things. For the first time in a long time, Deans axiom is itself cause for celebration.

Quick Crystal Growing Projects

`` An Outpost Of Progress `` By Joseph Conrad And William...

â€Å"What are your thoughts?† â€Å"When reading seems to be an activity with which fewer and fewer people engage, what is the point of reading fiction or poetry? It seems to be the case, as one critic claims, that it’s not that â€Å"Johnny can’t read† but that â€Å"Johnny won’t read.† Fiction is evocative and subjective. It s made up and indirect in its communication. Fiction may evoke feelings and perception on the human condition and teach us just how fragile our cultures are from keeping history and thought between the lines. In the story â€Å"An outpost of progress† by Joseph Conrad and in William Blake s â€Å"London† we can see for ourselves the human condition of conflict and mortality. Fiction is subjective. A novel or poem is from an authors imagination and way of thinking. The characters and situations are made up. Readers do not expect fiction to portray the real world yet expect fiction to just reflects it. Yet fiction can seem real without being total fact showing us the human condition in culture. Poems can capture feelings or images to perfection with only the sound of the spoken language. In the story â€Å"An outpost of progress† by Joseph Conrad we see both conflict and mortality when Carlier and Kayerts both go through tribulations to become successful. With constant arguing and making a deal for slave trading, during a seemingly trivial matter after losing moral throughout the story, sugar sparks an irrational, uncontrolled and violent conflict between them ends with

Hamlet Thesis Free Essays

Hamlet Thesis Statement In the play Hamlet, William Shakespeare writes of a tragedy in which Hamlet and Laertes both face the same problem-a murdered father. The paths of revenge that each of them take, parallel their characters and personalities throughout the play. While Hamlet broods over the murder of his father for the majority of the play, Laertes takes immediate action, and upon hearing about the death of his father, he rushes in and is ready to kill Claudius-whom he suspects has killed his father. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Thesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now When they first hear the news of their father’s death, Hamlet and Laertes react in very different ways. When Hamlet hears that Claudius was the one who killed his father, his immediate reaction was grief. This is no surprise, due to the fact that he was still mourning the death of his father, although everyone else had already gotten over it. In fact, most people thought that he was overdoing it ,and Claudius went so far as to tell him that he should get over it, and â€Å"Yet so far hath discretion fought with nature that we with wisest sorrow think on him together with remembrance of ourselves† (act one, scene two). The way that Hamlet plans his revenge, is more intelligent than the way Laertes plans his. While Hamlet is a more intellectual person, as we can see from his quick wit and sarcasm, Laertes is more impulsive and â€Å"acts, then thinks† as we can see when he says â€Å"I am justly killed with mine own treachery† (act five, scene two). In such a situation, had the play not ended the way it did, Hamlet may have been more successful in avenging his father’s murder because of his responsibility and intellect. Despite the fact that Hamlet procrastinates, Hamlet was smarter in the way he planned his revenge because his procrastination was due to his grief and foresight. Although Laertes trait of acting quickly can be admired and gets the job done, in a situation that involves death and vengeance, strategy and discretion are a must. From the beginning of the play, we can see that Hamlet is an intellectual thinker. Although he believes the ghost and pronounces that â€Å"it is an honest ghost† (act one, scene five) , he still takes precautions after he promises the ghost that he will take revenge. However, Hamlet is still a little wary of the ghost and therefor decides to feign madness so that he would be able to find out if Claudius was the true killer of his father. Even while feigning madness Hamlet thinks about the whole process of the madness. Unlike Laertes, Hamlet is careful not to disclose what the ghost has told him and only imparts to Horatio and Marcellus what happened when they swear on his sword that they would never speak of what they saw from that point on. One of the reasons why Hamlet is such a procrastinator is because he becomes caught up in the details and potential consequences. In the soliloquy of â€Å"to be or not to be† (act three, scene two) Hamlet loses the will to live and ponders whether it is worth it to exist. Due to the fact that Hamlet suffered the death of his father at a young age as well as well as many other hardships, Hamlet contemplates whether â€Å"Tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against the sea of troubles and by opposing, end them? To die: to sleep; no more;† (act three, scene two). However, after that, Hamlet mentions the potential consequences of the unknown after death. Due to the death of his father and his mother’s hasty remarriage which Hamlet does not approve of, Hamlet is well aware of the consequences of his actions and therefore is hesitant to act rashly. When planning his revenge, Hamlet does not jump to conclusions. When the players come, Hamlet asks them to perform â€Å"The Mousetrap†-a play of a murder similar to that of Hamlet’s father’s. Hamlet hopes that â€Å"The plays the thing wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king† (act two, scene two). Indeed, the plan worked and when Claudius stormed out of the theatre, all of Hamlets suspicions were confirmed. As Hamlet so eloquently noted, â€Å"What, frightened with false fire? †, (act three, scene two) Hamlet was now positive that Claudius was at fault for murdering his father. Another thing that slows Hamlet down in his plan of revenge is that he is a religious catholic, and he is very concerned about mortality. Hamlet is scared that if he kills Claudius, his father’s murderer, his soul will be damned. Hamlet is also scared that if he kills Claudius while he is praying, Claudius will go to heaven and that would not please Hamlet because he said that â€Å"A villain kills my father, and, for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven† (act three, scene three). Contrary to Hamlet, Laertes followed the passion in his heart. As soon as he returned from France and heard the news, he invaded the palace, and then asked the questions- the complete opposite of Hamlet. When Laertes hears that Hamlet killed his father, he expresses intense anger and openly announces his plan to take revenge. In his rage, Laertes yells that â€Å"Let what comes come, only I’ll be revenged most thoroughly for my father† (act four, scene five) and makes up his mind to take revenge no matter how or where. When Hamlet heard that his father had been murdered by Claudius, he had already been grieving his father’s death for a while and although the pain was still fresh, his father’s death was old news to him. Therefore, Hamlet was still able to think rationally and plan his revenge in a more intelligent manner. However, when Laertes heard about his father’s murder, he was so grief stricken that he could not think rationally and just followed what his heart told him- to kill Hamlet. Unlike Hamlet, Laertes has no problem â€Å"to cut his throat i’ th’ church! †(Act four, scene seven). To Laertes, mortality doesn’t mean alot, as he so bluntly puts it- â€Å"Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! I dare damnation. † (Act four, scene five) Due to his impulsive nature, Laertes tends to be unstable at times. However, Claudius, who suspects Hamlets unusual behavior, joins forces with Laertes to devise a plan to kill Hamlet. This proves a weakness of Laertes’- being unable to carry out his plans singlehandedly. Together, they scheme to kill Hamlet and even come up with a backup plan in case the first one does not go as planned. In the end, his plan of using a poisoned sword backfires when Hamlet ends up using the poisoned sword on him. When weighing in the pros and cons of each of their personalities and flaws, Hamlet took the smarter route in avenging his father’s murder. Although both Hamlet and Laertes die at the end of the play, the reason Hamlet kills himself is because he had nothing to live for. Ophelia, the love of his life was dead, his father was dead and Claudius had died. Since he had nothing to live for, he chose the option of death. On the other hand, Laertes had no choice in the matter because his plan backfired on him and killed him, as we see at the end. Hamlets patience paid off because he, Hamlet achieved his goal, and Laertes, the son of a fishmonger, did not. 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misc Essays - Astrological Signs, Astrology, Alchemy,

Aries, Uranus and Revolution It is the beginning of the new year in Aries and time to effect radical changes in our lives! In Pisces we cleared the decks of debri from the past year, now we are ready to invoke and draw down the forces of revolutionary Uranus, ruler of Aries. In esoteric astrology there are three rulers given for each sign, which correspond to the personality, soul and spirit, or monad. The monadic or ?hierarchical? ruler is rarely discussed in these newsletters as most of us are flat-out just invoking soul - and dealing with its effects upon the unredeemed personality! Yet everyone has the capacity to intelligently invoke forces that are available when the Sun or any other planets are in a given sign; the times today urgently demand that we do so - and raise our game. Uranus is the monadic ruler of Aries and is the essential fiery essence that impulses forth from this sign. Uranus is at once pure spirit and yet as ruler of the seventh ray of Ceremonial Magic, is able to anchor that spirit into matter. It is said that Uranus leads the soul to the final ?burning ground? where major testings for initiation are undergone. Uranus is the manifester who rules the Occult Way and is connected with the Hierophant of the Mysteries of Initiation. Uranus is known to most of us as the ruler of Aquarius and represents the humanitarian revolutionary who overturns that which has become too crystallised in the previous sign Capricorn. As soul ruler of Libra, Uranus leads us from the personal to the impersonal in our relationships and is related to the right use of money and sex. However, Uranus as ruler of Aries represents the ?raincloud of knowable things? as Patanjali has it, the very source of thoughtforms and the best and brightest ideas that exist; those ideas that we can wrestle from the ?mind of God?, that we can obtain through ?seeding? the raincloud. (Students will note another connection with Aquarius the Water-Bearer here.) Mercury?s job as soul ruler of Aries is the messenger or ?go-between? (?I come forth from the plane of mind and rule?) for this ongoing ?precipitation?. Mars as personality ruler is poised for action on the physical plane ready to implement the idea. This period of time upon Earth has never been so urgent. We are in the middle of an unique cycle where the utmost is being demanded of us all. There can be no losing the fiery tension needed to consolidate ongoing, unfolding individual and collective purpose. The world is upon a knife-edge, plagued by instability and fear, immanent epidemics, hunger, food water and soil degradation, climate change, increasing violence, money mismanagement and widespread apathy. These are all facets of the Earth?s shadow, thrown into sharp relief and pushed into critical mode by a steadily increasing soul light. This gives us much pause for reflection - the chaos of the times is not just the conflicting forces of the cusp of the ages and the many other ray and cyclic energies; it is the very birthing of the soul of humanity in a collective sense ? and it is a difficult birth! Aries is a sign of birth following the previous sign of death in Pisces; it is the soul or spirit coming into manifestation. Each year we have the opportunity during this major solar festival of Easter (where the Sun or Son is exalted), to rebirth ourselves anew with an ?updated model? that approximates more closely the blueprint of our individual soul purpose. Uranus is that force that can help us effect radical and revolutionary change through ?penetrating and precipitating the raincloud? ? by finding those divine archetypal patterns that can create your new model. Perhaps a general revolution is approaching where the creaking and groaning of the past ways will reach such a din that Uranus the Liberator will be invoked to break the impasse through radical change. It is an interesting word, ?radical?. The old name for a birth chart is the ?radical? chart, meaning the origin or root. Hence to effect radical change is to get back to the essence of who we truly are, the core of Being. Surviving within a greater culture

Rock Story essays

Rock Story essays I am a calcite mineral. I have changed a lot in the last few thousand years. I have been in many different types of rocks. Let me tell you about it. I started out in a metaphoric rock. I was a mineral in garnet, along with quartz and hematite. I became that way when I worked my way into the Earths surface and met quartz and hematite. We became very good friends and decided to form a rock together. So we went further into the earth surface and got heated by magma to become garnet. Then I got into a fight with quartz and hematite and we all thought it was best to go our separate ways. I worked my way up to the earths upper mantle where I melted and cooled in magma. I was now an igneous rock. After a very long time I worked my way up to the surface of the earth. It was so good to finally see the sun again! I was an igneous rock for thousands of years, and I liked it that way. I was in the wind so much though that I became a sedimentary rock. I formed limestone with aragonite. When I was a sedimentary rock I eventually got washed away down a river and into the ocean. After thousands of years I settled on the ocean floor and other layers of minerals formed on top of me. We were all pressed together and I was once again sedimentary rock. But this didnt last as long as I though it would because there was an earthquake and I got pushed down far into the earths crust. From the pressure of the earths crust colliding and the heat of the magma I turned into a metamorphic rock again. Now I sit in the earths crust waiting until I change once again. I hope that I will soon see the sun again, so I wont be so cramped down here with all these other minerals. The heat down here makes everybody a little irritable. It may take thousands of years but one day I will change again and become a different type of rock. ...

The Development of Roads in the Industrial Revolution

The Development of Roads in the Industrial Revolution Pre-1700, the British road network hadn’t experienced many major additions since the Romans had built some over a millennia and a half earlier. The main roads were largely the decayed remains of the Roman system, with little attempt at improvements until after 1750. Queen Mary Tudor had passed a law making parishes responsible for roads, and each was expected to use labour, which workers were obliged to offer, for free six days a year; landowners were expected to offer the materials and equipment. Unfortunately, the workers were not specialised and often didn’t know what to do when they got there, and with no pay there wasn’t much incentive to really try. The result was a poor network with much regional variation. Despite the appalling conditions of the roads, they were still in use and vital in areas not near a major river or port. Freight went via the packhorse, a slow, cumbersome activity which was expensive and low in capacity. Livestock could be moved by herding them while alive, but this was a tiring process. People used the roads to travel, but movement was very slow and only the desperate or the rich travelled much. The road system encouraged parochialism in Britain, with few people – and thus few ideas – and few products travelling widely. The Turnpike Trusts The one bright spot among the British road system were the Turnpike Trusts. These organisations took care of gated sections of road, and charged a toll on everybody travelling along them, to be ploughed into upkeep. The first turnpike was created in 1663 on the A1, although it was not run by a trust, and the idea didn’t catch on until the start of the eighteenth century. The first actual trust was created by Parliament in 1703, and a small number were created each year until 1750. Between 1750 and 1772, with the needs of industrialization pressing, this number was much higher. Most turnpikes improved the speed and quality of travel, but they increased the cost as you now had to pay. While the government spent time arguing over wheel sizes (see below), the turnpikes targeted the root cause of the problem in the shape of road conditions. Their work on improving conditions also produced road specialists who worked on larger solutions which could then be copied. There were criticisms of turnpikes, from a few bad trusts who simply kept all the money, to the fact that only around a fifth of the British road network was covered, and then only the major roads. Local traffic, the main type, benefited much less. In some areas parish roads were actually in better conditions and cheaper. Even so, the expansion of Turnpikes caused a major expansion in wheeled transport. Legislation After 1750 With a growing understanding of Britain’s industrial expansion and population growth, the government passed laws aimed at preventing the road system decaying any further, rather than improving the situation. The Broadwheel Act of 1753 widened the wheels on vehicles to reduce damage, and the General Highway Act of 1767 made adjustments to the wheel size and number of horses per carriage. In 1776 a law provided for parishes to employ men specifically to repair roads. The Results of Improved Roads With the quality of roads improving – albeit slowly and inconsistently – a greater volume could be moved faster, especially expensive items which would absorb the turnpike bills. By 1800 stagecoaches became so frequent that they had their own timetables, and the vehicles themselves were improved with better suspension. British parochialism was broken down and communications improved. For instance, the Royal Mail was set up in 1784, and their coaches took post and passengers across the country. While industry did rely on roads at the start of its revolution, they played a far smaller role in moving freight than the newly emerging transport systems, and it is arguably roads’ weaknesses which stimulated the building of canals and railways. However, where historians once identified a decline in roads as new transport emerged, this is largely rejected now, with the understanding that roads were vital for local networks and the movement of goods and people once they had come off the canals or railways, whereas the latter were more important nationally.

Present an argument for including 'intuition' as an important Essay

Present an argument for including 'intuition' as an important constituent of managerial competency - Essay Example d blueprints initiates the execution of decisions, usually very quickly, upon the source of an ‘unconscious reasoning’ mechanism which could have an emotional element, such as a ‘hunch’ (Mani, 1995, 365). On the other hand, management is becoming identified more and more as a way by which manager put into action and push in strategic change within organisations. Managing has been recognised as a fusion of creativity and intuition. In the context of strategic management intuition involves diverging from an arranged plan so as to speed up the execution of actions (Smith & Hitt, 2005). The objective of this study is to argue that intuition is important in modern management and effective strategies in training managers to become more intuitive. At present the different constructs that merge to elaborate on organisational management have been extended to comprise components of innovation, adaptation and firmness. Strategic management in the 1960s has been viewed by intellectuals as an organisational pathology, in the sense that it deviated from the conventional incremental course of action, and then put into practice (Thomas, 2007). Nonetheless, Weick was one of the pioneering supporters of strategic action, and the rising interest in and recognition of this facet of management has led to intuition being more broadly recognised as an ability that can help in corporate planning activities (Thomas, 2007). In the 1990s this progress has sped up in intensity, and given the necessity for more rapid cycle periods and more ground-breaking solutions and ideas to gain or maintain competitive leverage; these changes exhibit hardly any indications of subsiding (Nichols, 2006). The advancement toward managerially advocated intuitional activity seems to be influencing how organisations deal with both the manner in which work task is accomplished, and the manner in which it is controlled. Numerous organisations are encouraging employees to devote time and opportunity to

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Philosophy - Essay Example But in reality what is a person, it is one subject on which many theologians, philosopher and psychiatrist pondered over a long period of time. Since we are discussing about an intangible identity, one cannot establish the truth, even when one is definite about its true nature. We could say that person is an identity, with certain capabilities and abilities to perform sanely at a given situation or circumstances. Some people are reluctant to accept a mentally defective human being as a person due to their deficiencies in intellectual power. According to (Dennett,14)â€Å"For instance, infant human beings, mentally defective human beings, and human beings declared insane by licensed psychiatrists are denied personhood, or at any rate crucial elements of personhood† Now just because a human being have a defective mental system, he should not be losing his right to be called as a person. So are we a person just because we possess a well defined intellectual workability. It really seems absurd, for a human being with a soul and mind to be disregarded just because he cannot work rationally and logically .Then it would make also sense to call these mentally defective and immature people as animal. As we know animals does not have rational thinking, and same is the case with infants and mentally ill people. So why is it that we do not address these mentally immature and insane people as animals? Here we can explain that being a person is more about the genetic structure we possess. Otherwise the mentally ill person or animals are not guided by intellect a d they act abnormal in our view. We can understand here that the genetic make up or the body structure and his surviving pattern make him a person. People say that we are designated as a person because we have certain capabilities and abilities which we use in support with our intellect and logic. Being rational means, we act according to our reasoning or as per the guidance of our intelligence .A being can be a person and still cannot be rational, just because he is weak in his brain or working ability. But a rational being cannot exist as a non person, because to be rational he very much has to be a person. It is seen that a mentally insane person is not given the same accountability and responsibility as a normal person .He is not considered as a whole personality ,as he lacks the ability to sort out things with his intellect .So it could be understood that intelligence and rational behavior offers a human being a personhood. Another aspect to being a person is the awareness and consciousness which a person experience in his personhood. The awareness or the consciousness is what is lacking in mentally ill or infants which make them less of a person. The consciousness is the center to the self and a personality and a human being which is not connected to his consciousness can be regarded less of a person. Most of the people nowadays know that we have evolved from the species called hom osapiens. A person is a being with logic, morality and ethical behavior which is obviously lacking in a homosapiens .As per(Rosenberg, 11)â€Å" To regard some being as a person, in shorter, is to grant to that being the sort of respect and treatment due persons, to acknowledge it as having to certain ethical or having standard â€Å".We as persons are more evolved than homosapien species. For example, if we see a human raised in a forest from his childhood, we might hesitate call him a person but might address him as

Factors for Political Participation

Factors for Political Participation The term political participation has a very broad meaning. It is not only related to Right to Vote but simultaneously relates to participation in: decision making process, political activism, political consciousness. Women in socialist democratic countries have higher proportion of representation in their federal parliament than women in Canada because In Canada there is less population as compare to socialist democratic countries. Moreover, females are least interested in parliament. In democratic Female politicians are more likely to concentrate on problems that matter more to women such as daycare, gender equality, reproductive rights, elderly care and childrens welfare.Women turnout during Indias 2014 parliamentary general elections was 65.63%, compared to 67.09% turnout for men. India ranks 20th from the bottom in terms of representation of women in Parliament. Not only has these women politicians taken an interest in various policy issues. But it also had been shown that they a lso govern differently. In Sweden 45 per cent seats are occupied by women in parliament. So far as the administration is concerned, there are only 592 women IAS officers out of 4,671 officers(Puja mondal). The demand for special concessions and privileges along with the reservation of posts and other civic institutions are a few steps towards women empowerment in India Assemblies and parliament. Lyn Kathleen shows that American female politician have very different leadership styles from men. In her study Not only do women politicians take an interest in different policy issues, but it has also been shown that they also govern differently. Since the modern notion of human rights originated in a western women in Islamic countries in particular, find themselves in a quandary when they initiate, or participate in, a discussion on human rights whether in the west or in Muslim societies. Indian women have a distinction to become UNO Secretary (Vijay laxmi Pandit), Prime Minister (Indira Gandhi), Chief Minister (Sucheta Kriplani, Jayalalitha, Uma Bharati, Mayawati and Vasundhara Raje) and even President (Pratibha Patil). Furthermore, the limited empowerment that we have seen has been nurtured within the socio-economic-political empowerment process of people, including women, through the Panchayat system (Bagchi 2002) Structural: Structural barriers include the level of socio-economic development in a society and the percentage of women in professional and managerial activities. There is a direct link between the social and economic status of women in society and their participation in political institutions and elected bodies. Socio-economic obstacles include poverty and unemployment, lack of adequate financial resources, illiteracy and limited access to education, choice of professions and the dual burden of family and a full-time job. Women take on a disproportionate share of household tasks which makes a political career almost impossible. Moreover, household tasks, taking care of the children and elderly are not always considered as actual work. Institutional structures: Because of their multi-level hierarchy and complex decision-making help to preserve barriers in such a way that proposals regarding any aspects of gender equality often do not reach the top decision-making level. In Slovakia, the electoral system is based on proportional representation on candidates lists, which means that women have (theoretically) a better chance to be elected. The position of women on the candidates lists is then crucial for their eligibility: the higher a woman is seeded on the list, the bigger chance she has to be elected. In the 2002 elections, the share of female candidates seeded in the top half of candidates lists was 20.9% and the share in the top quarter was 17.9 %.( Alexandra 2002). Many women and men do not think that introducing quotas is a good idea. Men argue that it would be humiliating for women to introduce a quota system because our clever women can succeed themselves, and it would be against the basic human rights and equality of all. Women are skeptical mainly because of the experience with quotas from the socialist past, and because they believe that the society is not yet prepared to accept quotas. Education: Education is the best way to understand the inequality. With the help of education they have better job opportunity and serve better their community. Because women have less access to education than men, their professional advancement and chance to enter institutions involved in corporate politics at an operative level are reduced. Some societies and parents see their role in giving a full quality education to women as a privilege that can be withdrawn. The impact of illiteracy on the exercising of ones political rights has been the main method to reduce it. Women do not enter nontraditional occupations; instead women enter nurturing or tertiary occupations which inhibit political life and the growth of self confidence. There is a mindset on the part of many men and women that a role in politics is unsuitable for a woman. Poverty: Poverty is also one of the major hindrances for women to be involved in politics, namely, the disproportionate effect of poverty on women. Because of womens care giving responsibilities they often work part-time, which has a lifelong effect on womens income and women who do work full-time still earn less than men Whereas men who enter into politics tend to come from law and business and earning better. In addition, many women are discouraged by a lack of resources to finance their electoral campaign or undertake serious initiatives. Often poverty also prevents women from taking the time for political involvement. Christy Clark BC MLA(2001) asked by several Journalists to explain how she could do her job properly as provincial minister of education while simultaneously raising a new born child Type of democracy is also important. References: http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com https://www.equalvoice.ca Bashevkin, Sylvia (2009), Introduction, in Bashevkin, Sylvia, Women, Power, Politics: The Hidden Story of Canadas Unfinished Democracy, Oxford University Press, p. 15, Bagchi, A.K.(2000), sangskriti, samaj,o Arthanity (in Bengali: culture, society, and economics), Calcutta. United Nations Childrens Fund, The State of the Worlds Children 2004: Girls education and development, UNICEF, New York, 2003.

Case 1.1 – Enron Corporation

Case 1. 1 – Enron Corporation ————————————————- Discussion 1 The parties we believe to be most at fault for the crisis in this case are a) the Audit Firm engaged in the Enron audit (Arthur Andersen); b) Enron Management (Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, Andrew Fastow; and c) the SEC. The Public Accounting Firm: Arthur Andersen The auditor has the responsibility to evaluate the risk of material fraud, including: * Incentives and motives for fraud : Enron was a fast growing company with many start-ups projects, such as the Energy Wholesale Services (a B2B electronic marketplace for the energy industries) or the Enron Broadband Services (an operating unit serving as intermediary between users and suppliers of broadband services,) that constantly needed huge amount of money to succeed. * The opportunity to commit fraud: Enron internal controls were weak and the management was promoting a culture that encouraged fraud rather than honesty. Rationalizations that might allow someone to commit fraud: the management at Enron believed that they were only trying to grow the company and increase their stock price by misrepresenting their financial statements. Once their new ventures would succeed, they would be able to cover the losses previously incurred. All the ingredients were present for Anderson to uncover the fr aud. Moreover, the auditors have a responsibility to disclose material fraud and illegal client acts to the audit committee and the Board of Directors. If the financial statements are not restated, the auditor should issue a qualified, an adverse opinion or consider withdrawing from the engagement. The team auditing Enron should have followed the guidance when the management acted with scienter. As mentioned in the case, Arthur Andersen was being paid exorbitant amounts of money to audit Enron and attest to the validity of its financial statements. The firm failed on every front to catch any of the fraudulent accounting transpiring and many critics questioned whether Anderson was involved with â€Å"cooking the books†. Given the scale of the compensation and how entrenched the firm was in Enron’s financial operations, it is hard to believe that the Andersen auditors, CPAs, failed to notice such obviously illegal accounting treatments of transactions. As so well said by the auditor of Accounting Today, â€Å"if a firm accepts and collects the audit fee, then it should be prepared to accept the blame, otherwise it is not part of the solution, but part of the problem†. The fault not only goes to the auditors, but to the company’s management as well. Enron’s management Kenneth Lay turned a blind eye to anything that could obstruct Enron’s growth. He said that his ultimate goal was to make Enron â€Å"the world’s greatest company. † This is a great goal for any CEO to have; however, in his attempts to reach this goal, he developed a case of tunnel vision that led to unexpected consequences. When Sherron Watkins wrote him a letter questioning the treatment of certain accounting transactions and puzzled disclosures, he ignored her and stated that â€Å"he’d rather not see it†. Kenneth Lay even failed to acknowledge or address the issues after most of the Enron scandal had fully unraveled by refusing to testify before Congress in 2002. Jeffrey Skilling basically followed in the footsteps of Kenneth Lay and brought with him a similar approach to running a business. Skilling shared the same tunnel vision approach as Lay as evidenced by their â€Å"laser-focus on earnings per share†. They both were willing to ignore any wrongdoing in the company as long as earnings per share continued to increase. Skilling also developed a certain level of arrogance after being singled out as the number one CEO in the country. He would make â€Å"brassy and tacky† comments regarding Enron’s competitors and critics. This arrogance likely aided in his ability to shield out the negative aspects of Enron’s operations and to only see the positives. He was the â€Å"best CEO in America†, so Enron couldn’t possibly do anything terribly wrong under his watch. When being questioned by Congressional investigators regarding the scandal, he simply passed the blame by stating that â€Å"he is not an accountant. Andrew Fastow was the CFO and created the financial infrastructure for Enron. He, like Skilling, was hailed as one of the top executives in the country as evidenced by his Excellence in Capital Structure Management award presented to him by CFO Magazine. As the CFO of Enron, Fastow should have known better than to do what he did with the creation and operation of the SPEs. His brass was at such a high level that he even named several of them after his children. He, like Kenneth Lay, refused to take any accountability by refusing to testify before Congress in 2002. SEC and FASB The SEC and FASB also share the responsibility for the fraud scandal that took place. The organisms should have passed stronger accounting standards to regulate auditing. Both organizations were in favor of the 3% rule for SPEs. This rule stated that a SPE needed only a 3% investment from an outside investor to be considered independent. This rule allowed Enron to discharge all its unprofitable businesses in SPEs to avoid consolidating losses. That is, the SEC and FASB endorsed a law that allowed companies to dump considerable losses in off-balance entities. A case of fraud was bound to happen. The Auditors, the SEC, and the FASB made it easy for Enron’s management to commit one of the biggest frauds in the history of accounting. ————————————————- Discussion 3 Andersen’s involvement in Enron’s accounting and financial reporting decisions violated the following professional auditing standards: AU 220, Independence, SAS 1) – this standard requires the auditor to be independent. Auditors issue an audit opinion that will serve as a reliable source of information on the company to external parties (investors). Thus, it is necessary for the auditor to be unbiased when reporting his findings to the public. The lack of independence of the team auditing Enron can be derived from the fact that Andersen was providing consulting services as well as auditing services to Enron, with consulting work accounting for more than 50% of the total yearly revenue received from Enron. This situation led Andersen to be at the same time external auditor and internal auditor to Enron. AU 316, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit (SAS 99) – this standard concerns â€Å"fraudulent acts that cause a material misstatement of the financial statements. † Andersen helped Enron misrepresent significant information in the financial statements. The team auditing Enron intentional misapplied accounting principles relating to the classification, the manner of presentation, and the disclosure of the financial statements. To clarify, Enron would use the mark-to-market ccounting method on long-term accounting contract, which immediately recognizes earnings when contracts are secured rather than when services are rendered. That accounting method results in financial statements being materially misstated and at the same time, it considerably increased the compensation of Executives at Enron that was based on earnings. AU 317. 05, Illegal Acts by Clients (SAS 54) – this standard indicates that the auditor’s responsibility for misstatements resulting from â€Å"illegal acts having a direct and material effect on the determination of financial statement amounts† is the same as that for errors or fraud. Enron would issue stocks to different SPEs in exchange for notes receivable; however, US GAAP does not allow for the recording of receivables in exchange of stocks issued. These misstatements led to a reduction of $1. 2 billion in Owners’ Equity after the reversal of previously recorded transactions as assets. In addition, Enron had investments in companies (not SPEs) that it consolidated, but when the investments began to show losses, they were transferred to SPEs so that it would not have to reflect these losses on the financial statements. AU 334, Related Party Transactions, SAS 45 – this standard requires auditors to follow GAAS established procedures when auditing financial statements in order â€Å"to identify related party relationships and transactions† and to estimate whether or not the required financial statement accounting and disclosure had been followed. This standard was also violated as Executives of Enron were managing some SPEs (p. 13. ) Andrew Fastow, Enron’s CFO, earned a profit amounting to $30 million on one of his investment in an SPE that he was managing. Furthermore, â€Å"Fastow’s friends realized a profit $1 million on investment of $5,800 in 60 days in the same SPE. † AU 319, Consideration of Internal Controls in a Financial Statement audits – The auditor’s report on internal control over financial reporting that goes to the public must report material weaknesses in internal control. Andersen audit team in charge of Enron auditing failed to provide an unbiased opinion on the effectiveness of the system of internal control over financial reporting. ————————————————- Discussion 6 After Enron and other fraud scandals, we see a shift from the self-oversight of public accounting firms to an independent oversight of accounting firms auditing public companies by government bodies such as the PCAOB. Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) in 2002 which goal was to strengthen the financial reporting rules for public companies. It also forced public companies to prepare reports on the quality of their internal controls as well as limit the types of consulting services that an accounting firm is allowed to provide to its clients in concurrence with audit services provided. Fraud scandals also led to the establishment of the regulation requiring management of public companies to provide a letter asserting that the financial statements are fairly stated. Most recently, the SEC voted to adopt whistleblower rules mandated by Section 922 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act). â€Å"The rules implement the Act’s requirement that the Commission pay an award to whistleblowers who voluntarily provide original information to the SEC that leads to a successful enforcement action with sanctions of over $1 million. Professionalism in public accounting has changed over the past decades for a variety of reasons from the advances in technology to the globalization of the economy. One of the ways professionalism has changed is that independence has become a major component for public accountants. Independence confirmations before the audit and during the audit are major parts of being professional in today’ s definition. Ethics are another major part of professionalism. Being ethical in your decisions is stressed more now than ever before. Being courteous of others cultures, beliefs, and religions are a new addition to being professional. With everything becoming global and information quickly being spread by technology, being conscientious of what is said and done is very important for accountants for one bad thing can have severe implications. Being professional is more than just how you act in the business place for since you represent the company, your actions are watched on and off the job. With the increasing numbers of investors in the market it becomes more pressing to have reforms to regulate the circulation of information and assure investors that they are using the highest quality of financial statements. ———————————————— Discussion 7 The SEC has required public companies to have their quarterly financial statements audited before filing of theirs quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Therefore, audit firms will need to follow all the audit standards set out, from establishing an understanding with the c lient to performing analytical procedures, inquiries and other review procedures to prepare an audit report on the review of interim financial information. It is our opinion that quarterly financial statements should be audited because they will be more reliable and credible to the investors. Auditing quarterly financial statements will also shade lights on questionable management’s earnings. At the same time, a continuous (quarterly) audit will allow for less restatement at the end of the year; that is less surprise for investors. The auditor will be required to follow the clients’ financial situation more closely and address any material issues sooner. Quarterly audited financial statements will give investors confidence in relying on the company’s financial information.

Yin And Yang What Do The Chinese Believe About Nature

Yin and Yang What do the Chinese in this period believe about nature? Which society in today’s time has the clearest connections to the past? How many civilizations were there in the classical period, for China? Name all of them in order When did the Zhou dynasty start to decline? What were the people who received land from the ruler supposed to give the government in return for the land? What was the main reason the Zhou dynasty in decline? What was the standard spoken language in China during this time called? Who was the person who gave China its name? What was built to help protect Northern China from invaders? What was the general way that people felt about Qin? Who was the most famous of the Han dynasty rulers? What was the name of the invaders who dealt the final blow on the Han dynasty? Who created a better system to govern with? Describe that system Bureaucrat China was militaristic. True of False What were some things that the government aided with? How long did it take for the emperor’s message to reach the outer districts? What did Chinese people use chopsticks to do (and I don’t mean eating)? What were some of the things Confucius taught? How did Legalism believe the state should be treated? What was a limit to Confucianism that made it not really appealing to common people? Why didShow MoreRelatedWorld Wide Yin and Yang1735 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Wide Yin and Yang The Chinese culture has a variety of religions and philosophies; behind each one there is a core of theories and principles formed by its founders. The aspects of the yin-yang principal are the basis of the three major Chinese religions: Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. In China, people are aware of the importance of believing in the yin and yang principles. 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